e-Bike Classes Explained: Complete Guide To Types of Electric Bikes

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Trying out an electric bike, also known as an eBike, for the first time can be a thrilling experience. This is because an eBike can unlock a whole treasure trove of new cycling opportunities due to its speed, power, and ease of use.

You can effortlessly navigate traffic, carry passengers or cargo more comfortably, arrive at your destination without breaking a sweat, and add an extra boost to rides that were previously out of your reach energetically.

Electric bikes are gaining popularity in the United States after widespread success in Europe.

They’re accessible to anyone, regardless of cycling experience, and have the potential to introduce cycling to new audiences and promote lifelong cycling. 

However, to choose an eBike that works for you, you need to understand the variety of types of electric bikes and the 3 main eBike classes that differentiate them.

In this complete guide, we’ll cover the below:

  • What Is An eBike?
  • Understanding The Three eBike Classes
  • Understanding The Different Types Of Electric Bikes
  • Benefits Of Riding An eBike

Let’s dive in!

eBike Classes Explained: Title Image

What Is An eBike?

An eBike is a bicycle with an electric motor that assists you while pedaling, powered by a rechargeable battery mounted on the bike.

The motor provides assistance rather than propulsion, requiring you to pedal to receive it. 

The amount of power the motor delivers is regulated based on your pedaling effort and the level of support you choose.

To comply with regulations, electric bikes are also divided into eBike classes. The most widely adopted system is a three-class system used by bike manufacturers and regulators alike. 


According to this system, ebikes are considered low-speed bicycles that have fully functional pedals and an electric motor that provides no more than 750 watts of power (equivalent to approximately 1 horsepower).

There are also various types of electric bikes similar to traditional bikes, with the electric assistance providing a significant boost to the bike’s primary features, such as:

  • Mountain
  • Road
  • Cargo
  • Commuter
  • Cruiser

We’ll cover these types further down – but first, let’s take a look at the three eBike classes.

A cyclist rides one of the eBike classes in a city center.

Understanding The Three eBike Classes

The three primary eBike classes of electric bikes are mainly based on the electrical systems, which determine how the pedal assist (PAS), motor, and throttle (if present) work together to power the bike.

Here are definitions of each feature:

Pedal Assist: This works by making use of a cadence sensor in the bike’s drivetrain. This sensor detects when the rider is pedaling and signals the electric motor to deliver the level of pedal assistance that the rider has selected.

Motor: An eBike motor is basically where the power comes from to give your bike power and move it.

Throttle: Engaging the throttle mode (on an electric bike that has one) is similar to operating a motorcycle or electric scooter, as it activates the motor to provide power and push the bike forward.

In the United States, eBike classes are based on variances of these three corresponding systems, outlined as Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3.

Class 1 ebikes and Class 3 ebikes are the most popular. Class 1 ebikes are equipped with a motor that provides assistance when pedaling up to a speed of 20 mph, with a maximum power of 750 watts. 

Class 3 ebikes, also known as “speed pedelecs,” can go up to 28 mph with the help of a motor. Most states and cities allow both of these types of ebikes without needing a license. 

Conversely, Class 2 ebikes have a throttle that can propel the bike up to 20 mph without continuous pedaling. 

Here’s a bit more detail:

A cyclist on a black class 1 electric bike.

Class 1 Electric Bike

Also defined as a “pedelec” as the motor assists only during pedaling, a class 1 eBike is generally the most popular for new riders: 

  • Maximum assisted speed: 20 miles per hour
  • Pedal assistance included: yes
  • Throttle included: no
  • Speedometer required: no

Access

Class 1 electric bikes are typically allowed on bike paths and bike lanes that are shared with traditional, non-assisted bicycles. They are considered the most affordable and from a regulatory point of view are the most widely accepted. 

In certain states, Class 1 electric bikes are treated similarly to traditional mountain or pavement bicycles, and they have legal permission to ride in locations where bicycles are allowed. 

Such places may include bike lanes, roads, multi-use trails, and bike-only paths. However, access is not yet universal, so it’s worth double-checking the regulations in your area.

Close-up of the motor on a class 2 electric bike.

Class 2 Electric Bike

The difference between Class 2 electric bikes and the other eBike classes is the inclusion of the throttle that works when you’re not pedaling:

  • Maximum assisted speed: 20 miles per hour
  • Pedal assistance included: optional
  • Throttle included: yes
  • Speedometer required: no

Access

As with Class 1 eBikes, Class 2 electric bikes are generally allowed in the same places. That’s due to the fact they’re both capped at 20 miles per hour.

A black class 3 electric bike.

Class 3 Electric Bike

Class 3 eBikes have gained popularity among commuters. They are faster, have more power, and are typically more expensive than Class 1 and Class 2 electric bikes. 

The enhanced performance enables riders to keep pace with traffic, climb hills more efficiently, and handle larger cargo loads:

  • Maximum assisted speed: 28 miles per hour
  • Pedal assistance included: yes
  • Throttle included: optional
  • Speedometer required: yes

Access

Class 3 electric bikes are typically allowed on roads or bike-only lanes that run parallel to the road (known as curb-to-curb) in most states.

Importantly, they are not permitted on bike paths that are not part of the road network or pedestrian-friendly trails, like parks. This is due to the speed and power of the ebikes.

Some Class 3 electric bike manufacturers have tried to get around this by adding a speed regulator so you can cap the speed at 20 miles per hour.

In Short:

Class 1 Electric Bikes – A motor assists you with pedaling up to the speed of 20 miles per hour.

Class 2 Electric Bikes – The motor assists you with pedaling, and alternatively assists you when you make use of the throttle, up to the speed of 20 miles per hour.

Class 3 Electric Bikes – The motor assists you in pedaling up to the speed of 28 miles per hour.

A grey electric mountain bike on a wooden bench.

Understanding The Different Types Of Electric Bikes

Much like traditional bikes, eBikes fit into categories based on what you would generally use the bike for. When researching your eBike (or any bike for that matter) you’d look at these areas:

  • The distance you’re going to regularly ride
  • The type of riding (commuting, cruising, off-roading, downhill, cross-country)
  • The speed you’re looking for, and the durability
  • The landscape you’ll be riding (mountain bike trails, uphill/downhill, roads, gravel, etc.)

These criteria need some specific consideration when deciding which types of electric bikes to buy, so take a look at these types to get you started:

Electric Mountain Bike

Think of the thrill of the off-roading experience of mountain bikes, then add the power of a supporting motor to that mix.

Featuring wide tires and flatter handlebars, these are largely similar to traditional mountain bikes, but feature a motor to assist with arduous climbs – allowing the rider to focus on the fun, technical downhill side of the sport.

Electric Road Bike

Electric road bikes are designed for paved surface riding, with narrower tires and drop handlebars.

A cyclist in a black jacket rides a black electric cargo bike.

Electric Cargo Bike

Electric cargo bikes are built with more robust frames and are designed to carry weight.

Most have longer wheelbases for stability, and a rack or hopper to hold loads, usually non-removable. Great options for transporting passengers, shopping, or cargo!

Electric Cruiser Bike

An electric cruiser bike is best for casual riding on flat landscapes, as they have an emphasis on comfort. Usually, cruisers have wider tires, fairly wide saddles, and higher handlebars.

Electric Commuter Bike

An electric commuter bike is a versatile option that carries a lot of speed potential. They’re usually built with larger tires and comfortable but narrow saddles.

A cyclist unlocks a red electric bike.

Benefits Of Riding An eBike

Easier Pedaling

The most obvious benefit, the motor assisting your pedaling, or having it engaged by a throttle offers some satisfying relief from the demands on your leg muscles.

The assist feels like an enhancement more than a replacement, so the easier pedaling helps you traverse a variety of terrain more effectively. This could mean a more absorbing and enjoyable ride for you.

Faster Riding

The harder you’ll pedal, the faster you’ll go – depending on the miles-per-hour cap.

You’ll Cover More Distance

No matter how fit you are, you can still feel exhausted (especially after a hard workout or race). But with an eBike, you can take a breather while cruising along.

Plus, the extra speed you can achieve makes biking longer distances more enticing, even if you’re short on time.

Found our eBike Classes guide helpful? Check out more from the BikeTips experts below!

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Born and raised in London, Luke is a passionate writer with a focus on travel, sports, and most importantly, cycling. Luke in his spare time is an avid chess player, cyclist and record collector. He also has experience with addiction, and so sponsors multiple people from different walks of life in their recovery programmes.

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